Which trends are observed when moving toward the top right of the periodic table?

When moving toward the top right of the periodic table, the trends observed include an increase in ionization energy, electronegativity, and electron affinity.

Ionization energy refers to the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in its gaseous state. As you move to the right across a period, elements have a greater positive charge in the nucleus due to an increase in protons, which more strongly attracts the electrons. Thus, it requires more energy to remove an electron, leading to higher ionization energies.

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Similar to ionization energy, electronegativity increases as one moves to the right in the periodic table because of the increasing nuclear charge, resulting in a stronger attraction to bonding electrons.

Electron affinity, which is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom, also shows a trend of increasing values as you move right and up the periodic table. This increase is due to the atoms' desire to achieve a full valence shell and the effective nuclear charge that makes gaining an electron more energetically favorable.

The other choices focus on trends that do not consistently increase as one moves towards the top right of the